Short Vowels: a- like the English 'o' in hot ae- like the English 'a' in hat e- like the English 'e' in let. At the end of a word or a part of a compound word,
it is pronounced like the 'a' in extra. i- like the English 'i' in miss o- like the English 'ou' in ought or like the English 'u' in duck. u- like the English 'oo' in foot
Rule for Vowels:Vowels are short if before two or more consonants, or before a single final consonant.
They are long everywhere else.
Long Vowels: aa- like the English 'aw' in saw ae- like the English 'a' in may e, ee, eh- like the English 'a' in may ie like the English 'ie' in believe o, oo, oh- like the English 'o' in blow u, uu, uh- like the English 'oo' in soon
The Rule for 'h':The letter h is silent when
it follows a vowel. It merely serves to show that the vowel
is long.
Diphthongs: ei- like the English 'ei' in height au- like the English 'ou' in house oi- like the English 'oi' in oil
The Consonants: ck, f, k, l, m, n, p, t- are pronounced as in English b, d, g- as in English at the beginning of words. G has a very soft sound in the middle of words, almost like a 'y'. When
'b' comes at the end of words, it sounds like a 'p'. When 'd' comes at the end of words, it sounds like a 't'. When 'g' comes at the end of words, it sounds like a 'k' bb, dd- when in the middle of words, bb=pp and dd=tt gg- in the middle of words, this sound is so soft that hardly any sound is heard. h- like the English 'h' in house at the beginning of words. Silent in the middle or at the end of words ch- There are two 'ch' sounds. After ae, ee, ie, e, i, ei, it has the so-called 'ich' sound.
After aa, oo, uu, a, o, u, it has the 'ach' sound as in 'loch' chs>- like the English 'x' in fix b'h- like the English 'p' in put g'h- like the English 'k' in kill ng- like the ng in singer. Never as in finger r- like the English 'r' in run, but trilled or flapped once. After a short a, the 'r' is not pronounced. After any other vowel, it sounds like the English 'a' in father.
It is pronounced like the English 'a' in father in the 'er' combination that frequently appears at the end of words s, ss- like the 's' in kiss. Always a hissing sound sch- like the sh' in shoot tsch- like the 'ch' in church v- like the English 'f' in fast w- like the English 'v' in voice x- like the English 'x' in mix z- like the English 'ts' in cats
